شیمی یاسوج

بار موثر هسته

ساعت ٧:٠٥ ‎ب.ظ روز ۱۳۸٧/٩/٢٢

برای مشاهده اندازه بار موثر هسته پس از مراجعه به آدرس زیر باکلیک روی هر گروه یا دوره بارموثر هسته اتم نمایش داده می شود

http://www.webelements.com/webelements/properties/text/image-group-1/eff-nucl-charge-clem-1s.html

از آدرس زیر هم می توانید استفاده کنید

http://dl.clackamas.cc.or.us/ch104-06/efffective_nuclear_charge.htm

کلمات کلیدی: بار ،موثر هسته

لینک دائم

نظر شما ()

نویسنده: fazeli

جدول سایتهای مفید شیمی

ساعت ۱۱:۳٩ ‎ق.ظ روز ۱۳۸٧/٩/۸

جدول تناوبی	سرعت واکنش	حالت گذار
استوکیومتری	مرتبه واکنش	تاریخچه اتم
فرمول نویسی	مرتبه 3	مدل استاندارد1
بلور	واکنشها-انرژی	شیمی پیوند
انیمیشن پیچیده فعال	انیمیشن	باکی بال
مقایسه آب سبک وسنگین	یخ آب سنگین درآب سبک	آب
باتری	باتری لیمویی	quiz
انرژی یونش	طیف نشری هیدروژن	عناصر شیمیایی
شکل مولکول	نمونه سوال	شکل مولکولها
ساختار اتم	آرایش الکترونی	جوش
خواص آب	سایت های شیمی استانها	نیروهای بین مولکولی
زیست شناسی	شیمی	هیدروژناسیون آلکن
سلول سوختی	آب	علوم اجتماعی

کلمات کلیدی: شیمی ،پیوند ،باتری -سلول سوختی ،مولکو ل

لینک دائم

نظر شما ()

نویسنده: fazeli

انیمیشن های شیمی3

ساعت ٩:۱٥ ‎ق.ظ روز ۱۳۸٧/٩/٧

Name of animation or movie	Source/Link	File Type
55-Gallon Drum Collapse	Chemical Demonstrations by Lee Marek	RealPlayer
6-Port HPLC Injection Valve	Sam Houston State University	Quicktime, Shockwave, Gif animation
A Simple SN2 Reaction	Berkeley	Quicktime
A Modest Chemiluminescence Movie	Sam Houston State University	Quicktime, Gif animation
A QuickTime VR Laboratory Image	Sam Houston State University	Quicktime
A Double Beam Spectrophotometer	Sam Houston State University	Quicktime, Gif animation
A Cream Cracker + Liquid O₂	Delights of Chemistry in Leeds	Gif animation
Acid-Base Equlibria	Iowa State University	Shockwave
Acid catalyzed Esterification - Test for Water formed	Peter Keusch, University of Regensburg	RealPlayer
Acidic Azo Dyes	Peter Keusch, University of Regensburg	RealPlayer
Addition of Bisulfite to Aldehydes	Peter Keusch, University of Regensburg	RealPlayer
Aldol Condensation Reaction	Univeristy of Texas, Austin	Chime, Quicktime
Anti-cancer Platinum Complexes in motion	University of Oxford	Quicktime
Atmospheric Fixation of Nitrogen	University of Oxford	Quicktime
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy	Sam Houston State University	Quicktime, Shockwave, Gif animation
Atomic Emission Detector	Sam Houston State University	Quicktime, Gif animation
BaCp₂ in motion	University of Oxford	Quicktime
Balloons - Three balloons of H₂ and one of H₂ mixed with O₂	Delights of Chemistry in Leeds	Gif animation
Belousov-Zhabotinsky-Reaction	Peter Keusch, University of Regensburg	RealPlayer
Biuret Reaction - Protein in Egg Albumen	Peter Keusch, University of Regensburg	RealPlayer
Boyle's Law	Iowa State University	Shockwave
Breaking a Concrete Block	Chemical Demonstrations by Lee Marek	RealPlayer
Brevetoxin in motion	University of Oxford	Quicktime
Briggs-Rauscher Reaction	Peter Keusch, University of Regensburg	RealPlayer
Bubbles of H₂ with a little O₂	Delights of Chemistry in Leeds	Gif animation
Burning Bubbles of Methane Gas	Chemical Demonstrations by Lee Marek	RealPlayer
Burning Gummi Bears	Chemical Demonstrations by Lee Marek	RealPlayer
Burning Seabrooks Crisps	Delights of Chemistry in Leeds	Gif animation
Cabbage - red or blue?	Peter Keusch, University of Regensburg	RealPlayer
Capillary Electrophoresis	Sam Houston State University	Quicktime, Shockwave, Gif animation
Charles' Law	Iowa State University	Shockwave
Chemical Kinetics Simulation	University of California Irvine	Java Applet
Chemistry of Disappearing Ink	Chemical Demonstrations by Lee Marek	RealPlayer
Claisen Reaction	Univeristy of Texas, Austin	Chime, Quicktime
Colors of Elements in a Flame: Lithium Chloride	Journal of Chemical Education	Quicktime
Conductivity	Iowa State University	Shockwave
Conformation	The University of Arizona	Quicktime
Copper Amine Complex Formation	Sam Houston State University	Quicktime, Shockwave, Gif animation
Crack Process	Peter Keusch, University of Regensburg	RealPlayer
Critical Point of Benzene (Temperature Decreases)	Journal of Chemical Education	Quicktime
Crush the Can	Iowa State University	Shockwave
Crystal Violet - a pH Indicator	Peter Keusch, University of Regensburg	RealPlayer
Diazotization of Aniline Derivatives:Nitrous Acid Test	Journal of Chemical Education	Quicktime
Diels-Alder Reaction	Univeristy of Texas, Austin	Chime, Quicktime
Diffusion	Iowa State University	Shockwave
Distributions of Counterions around DNA.	Visualization and Animation Laboratory at CSC	Gif Animation, GopenMol
DNPO - Chemiluminescent Rainbow	Delights of Chemistry in Leeds	Gif animation
Dry Cell	Iowa State University	Shockwave
Dynamite Chemistry	University of Oxford	Quicktime
Effect of Oxygen Binding on Heme	The University of Arizona	Quicktime
Effusion	Iowa State University	Shockwave
Electrochemical Cell	Iowa State University	Shockwave
Electrolysis	Iowa State University	Shockwave
Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution	Univeristy of Texas, Austin	Chime, Quicktime
Elimination Reaction	Univeristy of Texas, Austin	Chime, Quicktime
Ether Vapour	Delights of Chemistry in Leeds	Gif animation
Exploding Ostrich Egg	Chemical Demonstrations by Lee Marek	RealPlayer
Fading of Ketchup using Bromine	Peter Keusch, University of Regensburg	RealPlayer
Fehling's Test	Peter Keusch, University of Regensburg	RealPlayer
Fehling's Test for Reducing Sugars	Journal of Chemical Education	Quicktime
Ferrofluid	Journal of Chemical Education	Quicktime
Fire in Ice	Chemical Demonstrations by Lee Marek	RealPlayer
Fire from Water	Delights of Chemistry in Leeds	Gif animation
Fire from Cr₂O₃ + Ethanol	Delights of Chemistry in Leeds	Gif animation
Flame Ionization Detector	Sam Houston State University	Quicktime, Shockwave, Gif animation
Flammable solid	Delights of Chemistry in Leeds	Gif animation
Flashlight	Iowa State University	Shockwave
Foam Plastic Styropor - Polystyrene Processing	Peter Keusch, University of Regensburg	RealPlayer
Foam - Polyurethane	Delights of Chemistry in Leeds	Gif animation
Gas Chromatography with Split/Splitless Injection	Sam Houston State University	Quicktime, Shockwave, Gif animation
Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry	Sam Houston State University	Quicktime, Gif animation
Gas Chromatography	Sam Houston State University	Quicktime, Gif animation
Gel Electrophoresis	Sam Houston State University	Quicktime, Shockwave, Gif animation
Gun Cotton	Delights of Chemistry in Leeds	Gif animation
H₂O₂ + KI in soapy water	Delights of Chemistry in Leeds	Gif animation
Heat of neutralization	Iowa State University	Shockwave
Heat of solution	Iowa State University	Shockwave
Heat transfer	Iowa State University	Shockwave
How a Grating Works	Sam Houston State University	Quicktime, Shockwave, Gif animation
Hydride Generation Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy	Sam Houston State University	Quicktime, Shockwave, Gif animation
Hydroformylation of Alkenes	University of Oxford	Quicktime
Hydrogen Bromide Addition	Univeristy of Texas, Austin	Chime, Quicktime
Hydrogenation of Alkenes	University of Oxford	Quicktime
Hydrolysis of tert-Butyl Chloride	Journal of Chemical Education	Quicktime
Hydrolysis of tertiary Butylhalides	Peter Keusch, University of Regensburg	RealPlayer
Ice Bomb	Journal of Chemical Education	Quicktime
Infra-Red Spectroscopy	The University of Arizona	Quicktime
Interview with Professor Sir Harry Kroto, Nobel Laureate (Sussex): "Bucky Tubes"	Interviews at Imperial College	Quicktime, RealPlayer, MediaPlayer
Interview with Professor Robert B. Woodward, Nobel Laureate (Harvard): "Cephalosporin C"	Interviews at Imperial College	Quicktime, RealPlayer, MediaPlayer
Interview with Professor Sir Geoffrey Wilkinson, Nobel Laureate: "Organometallic chemistry"	Interviews at Imperial College	Quicktime, RealPlayer, MediaPlayer
Interview with Professor Sir Derek Barton, Nobel Laureate: "Conformational Analysis"	Interviews at Imperial College	Quicktime, RealPlayer, MediaPlayer
Interview with Professor Ian Fleming (Cambridge): "Stereo Control in Organic Synthesis using Silicon Compounds"	Interviews at Imperial College	Quicktime, RealPlayer, MediaPlayer
Interview with Professor Charles Rees FRS: "New Frontiers in Heterocyclic chemistry".	Interviews at Imperial College	Quicktime, RealPlayer, MediaPlayer
Interview with Professor David Phillips: "A little light relief"	Interviews at Imperial College	Quicktime, RealPlayer, MediaPlayer
Interview with Professor Tony Barrett FRS: " Novel Polymers, Novel Linkers and Novel Transformations in Parallel Synthesis"	Interviews at Imperial College	Quicktime, RealPlayer, MediaPlayer
Interview with Lord George Porter, Nobel Laureate: "Photochemistry"	Interviews at Imperial College	Quicktime, RealPlayer, MediaPlayer
Iodoform Reaction - Test for Methyl Ketones	Peter Keusch, University of Regensburg	RealPlayer
Keto-Enol-Tautomerism of Ethyl Acetoacetate	Peter Keusch, University of Regensburg	RealPlayer
Kinetics	Iowa State University	Shockwave
Landolt Reaction - Iodine Clock Kinetics	Peter Keusch, University of Regensburg	RealPlayer
Lead Iodide (Gold Reaction)	Delights of Chemistry in Leeds	Gif animation
Lime Light	Delights of Chemistry in Leeds	Gif animation
Liquid Oxygen	Delights of Chemistry in Leeds	Gif animation
Liquid Nitrogen	Delights of Chemistry in Leeds	Gif animation
Liquid nitrogen blowing up balloons	Delights of Chemistry in Leeds	Gif animation
Magnesium Lamp	Delights of Chemistry in Leeds	Gif animation
Manometer experiment	Iowa State University	Shockwave
Micelles	Visualization and Animation Laboratory at CSC	Gif Animation, GopenMol
Michael Reaction	Univeristy of Texas, Austin	Chime, Quicktime
Modified Landolt Reaction - Coca Cola & Beer	Peter Keusch, University of Regensburg	RealPlayer
Modified Landolt Reaction - 'Old Nassau'	Peter Keusch, University of Regensburg	RealPlayer
Molecular Recognition	The University of Arizona	Quicktime
Negative Solvatochromism	Peter Keusch, University of Regensburg	RealPlayer
Nitrogen Triiodide Detonation	Journal of Chemical Education	Quicktime
NO₂ + aniline	Delights of Chemistry in Leeds	Gif animation
Old Nassau	Delights of Chemistry in Leeds	Gif animation
Optical Rotatory Dispersion:	Journal of Chemical Education	Quicktime
Oxidation of 1,3,5-Triphenylverdazyl	Peter Keusch, University of Regensburg	RealPlayer
Oxidation of Ammonia	Delights of Chemistry in Leeds	Gif animation
Oxidation of the Butanol Isomers	Peter Keusch, University of Regensburg	RealPlayer
Ozone's Problem with Polar Stratospheric Clouds	Sam Houston State University	Quicktime, Gif animation
Phosphorus Moon	Delights of Chemistry in Leeds	Gif animation
Photomultiplier Tube Movie	Sam Houston State University
Polarized Light and Sucrose Solution in a Tall Cylinder	Journal of Chemical Education	Quicktime
Positive Solvatochromism	Peter Keusch, University of Regensburg	RealPlayer
Precipitation Reaction: Sodium Iodide with Mercury(II) Chloride	Journal of Chemical Education	Quicktime
Protein Structure	The University of Arizona	Quicktime
Pulsating Electrochemical Reaction: Mercury Beating Heart	Journal of Chemical Education	Quicktime
Pulsed Flame Photometric Detector	Sam Houston State University	Quicktime, Gif animation
Reaction of Butylbromide Isomers with Silver Nitrate	Peter Keusch, University of Regensburg	RealPlayer
Reaction of Carboxylic Acids with Magnesium	Peter Keusch, University of Regensburg	RealPlayer
Reaction of Cyclohexene with Bromine and Permanganate	Peter Keusch, University of Regensburg	RealPlayer
Reaction of 1,2-Dibromoethane with Zinc	Peter Keusch, University of Regensburg	RealPlayer
Reaction of Dihydroxybenzene Isomers with Ferric Chloride	Peter Keusch, University of Regensburg	RealPlayer
Reaction of Magnesium with Carbon Dioxide	Journal of Chemical Education	Quicktime
Reaction of Silver Nitrate with Sodium Hydroxide	Journal of Chemical Education	Quicktime
Reaction of Sodium Hydroxide with Cobalt(II) Chloride	Journal of Chemical Education	Quicktime
Reaction of Sodium with Acid	Journal of Chemical Education	Quicktime
Reaction of Sodium with Chlorine	Journal of Chemical Education	Quicktime
Redoxsystem p-Benzoquinone / Hydroquinone	Peter Keusch, University of Regensburg	RealPlayer
Reduction and Methylation Mechanism of Oxyanions of Se	Sam Houston State University	Quicktime, Gif animation
Reduction of Viologen Dication	Peter Keusch, University of Regensburg	RealPlayer
Rutherford's Gold Foil Experiment	Sam Houston State University	Quicktime, Gif animation
Rydberg States of Weakly Interacting Systems	Visualization and Animation Laboratory at CSC	Gif Animation, GopenMol
Silane Gas	Delights of Chemistry in Leeds	Gif animation
Small molecule diffusion in polymers.	Visualization and Animation Laboratory at CSC	Gif Animation, GopenMol
Smoke	Delights of Chemistry in Leeds	Gif animation
SN2 Reaction Mechanism	The University of Arizona	Quicktime
Soda Pop Shower	Chemical Demonstrations by Lee Marek	RealPlayer
Solvent Focussing in Gas Chromatography	Sam Houston State University	Quicktime, Shockwave, Gif animation
Some of the more interesting vibrational modes of Benzene	Berkeley	Quicktime
Starch - widely available in many Foods	Peter Keusch, University of Regensburg	RealPlayer
Stoichiometry	Iowa State University	Shockwave
Substitution Reaction	Univeristy of Texas, Austin	Chime, Quicktime
Sugar + Sulphuric Acid	Delights of Chemistry in Leeds	Gif animation
Synthesis of Nylon 6 (Perlon)	Peter Keusch, University of Regensburg	RealPlayer
Synthesis of Nylon 6,10	Peter Keusch, University of Regensburg	RealPlayer
Taxol in motion	University of Oxford	Quicktime
The Barking Dog	Delights of Chemistry in Leeds	Gif animation, streaming video, MPEG movie
The Dynamics of spreading of small droplets of chainlike molecules on surfaces	Visualization and Animation Laboratory at CSC	Gif Animation, GopenMol
The Electron Capture Detector	Sam Houston State University	Quicktime, Gif animation
The Four Foot Tall Bunsen Burner	Chemical Demonstrations by Lee Marek	RealPlayer
The Happy Molecules	University of California Irvine	Java Applet
The Ideal Atmosphere	University of California Irvine	Java Applet
The Particle in the Box	University of California Irvine	Java Applet
The Photoelectric Effect	Sam Houston State University	Quicktime, Shockwave, Gif animation
The Protein cellobiohydrolase I (CBH1)	Visualization and Animation Laboratory at CSC	Gif Animation, GopenMol
The Second Law	University of California Irvine	Java Applet
The Volcano Reaction	Delights of Chemistry in Leeds	Gif animation
Thermite Reaction	Delights of Chemistry in Leeds	Gif animation
Thermite Reaction II	Chemical Demonstrations by Lee Marek	RealPlayer
Titration Movie	Sam Houston State University	Quicktime, Gif animation
Tollens Reaction - Silver Mirror Test	Peter Keusch, University of Regensburg	RealPlayer
Tuneable Monochromator	Sam Houston State University	Quicktime, Gif animation
Visualization of Solvation Structures in Liquid Mixtures	Visualization and Animation Laboratory at CSC	Gif Animation, GopenMol
What Does the Earth's Tilt Mean for Atmospheric Chemistry	Sam Houston State University	Quicktime, Shockwave, Gif animation
Wursters Blue	Peter Keusch, University of Regensburg	RealPlayer
Xanthoprotein Reaction	Peter Keusch, University of Regensburg	RealPlayer
X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy	Sam Houston State University	Quicktime, Shockwave, Gif animation

کلمات کلیدی: انیمیشن ،شیمی

لینک دائم

نظر شما ()

نویسنده: fazeli

انیمیشن های شیمی2

ساعت ٩:۱۳ ‎ق.ظ روز ۱۳۸٧/٩/٧

QuickTime Movies some with and some without sound	Shockwave Flash	GIF Animations without sound	Audio Narrations RealAudio RealPlayer
Electrophoresis
Capillary Electrophoresis Injection Evaluation (QuickTime 7.30 or earlier) 36 KB	Capillary Electrophoresis Injection Evaluation 32 KB	No GIF Available	Streaming Audio not available.
Gel Electrophoresis (QuickTime 7.30 or earlier) 53 KB	Gel Electrophoresis 51 KB	Gel Electrophoresis 197 KB GIF animation internal buttons don't work.	Streaming Audio not available.
Capillary Electrophoresis (QuickTime 7.30 or earlier) 88 KB	Capillary Electrophoresis 84 KB	Capillary Electrophoresis 2.4 MB GIF animation internal buttons don't work.	Streaming Audio not available.
Modes of Capillary Electrophoresis (QuickTime 7.30 or earlier) 48 KB	Modes of Capillary Electrophoresis 44 KB	Modes of Capillary Electrophoresis 564 KB GIF animation internal buttons don't work.	Streaming Audio not available.
Spectroscopy
Jablonski Diagram (QuickTime 7.30 or earlier) 71 KB	Jablonski Diagram 70 KB	Jablonski Diagram 346 KB	Streaming Audio not available.
Photomultiplier Tube Movie no sound 46 KB Older PMT Movie 1.2 MB	PMT Flash 44 KB	PMT Animated GIF Movie 38 KB	Streaming Audio PMT
The Photoelectric Effect (QuickTime 7.30 or earlier) 70 KB	Photoelectric Flash 68 KB	Photoelectric GIF 660 KB GIF animation internal buttons don't work.	Streaming Audio not available.
How a Grating Works (QuickTime 7.30 or earlier) 76 KB	How a Grating Works 60 KB	Gratings 604 KB GIF animation internal buttons don't work.	Streaming Audio not available.
Tuneable Monochromator (QuickTime 7.30 or earlier) 7.7 MB		Tuneable Monochromator GIF Movie 129 KB	Streaming Audio Monochromator
Double Beam UV/vis Spectrophotometer (QuickTime 7.30 or earlier) 312 KB	Double Beam UV/vis 308 KB	Double Beam UV/vis GIF 1 MB	Streaming Audio Spectrometer
A Double Beam Spectrophotometer OLD2.9 MB		Spectrophotometer GIF Movie 283 KB	Streaming Audio Spectrometer
X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy XAS (QuickTime 7.30 or earlier) 108 KB	XAS Flash 104 KB	XAS GIF 899 KB GIF animation internal buttons don't work.	Streaming Audio not available.
Inductively Coupled Plasma ICP Spectrometer with Double Dispersion and Charge-Coupled Device (QuickTime 7.30 or earlier) 52 KB	ICP with CCD Flash 52 KB	ICP with CCD GIF 156 KB GIF animation internal buttons don't work.	Streaming Audio not available.
Inductively Coupled Plasma ICP Spectrometer with Rowland Circle and PMTs 52 KB	ICP with Rowland Circle Flash 44 KB	ICP with Roland Circle GIF 144 KB GIF animation internal buttons don't work.	Streaming Audio not available.
Hydride Generation Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy HGAAS (QuickTime 7.30 or earlier) 67 KB	HGAAS Flash 66 KB	HGAAS GIF 676 KB	Streaming HGAAS
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy AAS (QuickTime 7.30 or earlier) 50 KB	AAS Flash 213 KB with sound AAS Flash 48 KB without sound	AAS GIF 313 KB	Streaming Audio AAS
Chromatography
Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry 1 GC/MS (QuickTime 7.30 or earlier) 136 KB	GC/MS Flash 132 KB	GC/MS GIF 912 KB GIF animation internal buttons don't work.	Streaming Audio not available.
Simplest Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry 2 (QuickTime 7.30 or earlier) 2.8 MB See newer Flash version above.	No Flash available	GC/MS Animated GIF Movie 41 KB	Streaming Audio GC/MS
Selected Ion Monitoring GC/MS (QuickTime 7.30 or earlier) 64 KB Also called multiple ion monitoring.	Selected Ion Monitoring GC/MS 64 KB Also called multiple ion monitoring.	Selected Ion Monitoring GC/MS 262 KB GIF animation internal buttons don't work.	Streaming Audio not available.
GCxGC (QuickTime 7.30 or earlier) 292 KB	GCxGC Flash 292 KB	GCxGC GIF 1.3 MB GIF animation internal buttons don't work.	Streaming Audio not available.
Gas Chromatography/ Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (QuickTime 7.30 or earlier) 116 KB	GC/TOFMS 112 KB	GC/TOFMS GIF 316 KB GIF animation internal buttons don't work.	Streaming Audio not available.
Gas Chromatography with Split/Splitless Injection (QuickTime 7.30 or earlier) 88 KB	GC Flash 64 KB	GC GIF 764 KB GIF animation internal buttons don't work.	Streaming Audio not available.
Temperature Programming in Gas Chromatography (QuickTime 7.30 or earlier) 88 KB	Temperature Programming in Gas Chromatography 88 KB	GC Cryo GIF Movie 448 KB GIF animation internal buttons don't work.	Streaming Audio not available.
Cryogenic Trapping in Gas Chromatography (QuickTime 7.30 or earlier) 132 KB	Cryogenic Trapping Gas Chromatography 132 KB	Cryo GC GIF Movie 664 KB GIF animation internal buttons don't work.	Streaming Audio not available.
Gas Chromatography 1.6 MB See newer Flash version above.	No Flash available	GC Animated GIF Movie GIF animation internal buttons don't work.	Streaming Audio GC
Photoionization Detector (QuickTime 7.30 or earlier) 252 KB no sound	PID Flash 252 KB no sound	PID GIF 1.2 MB GIF animation internal buttons don't work.	Streaming Audio not available.
Flame Ionization Detector (QuickTime 7.30 or earlier) 108 KB no sound	FID Flash 400 KB with sound	FID GIF 304 KB GIF animation internal buttons don't work.	Streaming Audio FID
6-Port HPLC Injection Valve 40 KB (QuickTime 7.30 or earlier) This is the newest version.	HPLC Flash 40 KB	6-Port HPLC GIF 164KB	Streaming Audio not available.
Old 6-Port HPLC Injection Valve 2.1 MB This has a long opening narration over the title screen.	Old HPLC Flash 654 KB with sound*	Old 6-Port HPLC GIF 68 KB	Old Streaming Audio 6-Port HPLC
Solvent Focussing in Gas Chromatography (QuickTime 7.30 or earlier) 252 KB	Focus Flash 248 KB	Solvent Focussing GIF 1.4 MB	Streaming Audio not available.
Old Solvent Focussing in Gas Chromatography 1.6 MB This has a long opening narration over the title screen.	Old Focus Flash 7.6 MB with sound*	Old Solvent Focussing GIF 163 KB	Streaming Audio Focussing
The Electron Capture Detector 2.4 MB	No Flash available	Electron Capture Detector GIF Movie 99 KB	Streaming Audio ECD
Pulsed Flame Photometric Detector (QuickTime 7.30 or earlier) newest 340 KB	PFPD Flash 340 KB	PFPD GIF 920 KB	Streaming Audio PFPD
Pulsed Flame Photometric Detector oldest with sound 3.7 MB	No Flash available	Pulsed Flame Photometric Detector GIF 212 KB	Streaming Audio PFPD
Atomic Emission Detector 1.7 MB	No Flash available	AED Animated GIF Movie 81 KB	Streaming Audio AED
Chemiluminescence
Yellow Chemiluminescence 6.6 MB	No Flash available	No GIF Available	Streaming Audio not available.
Orange Chemiluminescence 4.4 MB	No Flash available	No GIF Available	Streaming Audio not available.
A Modest Chemiluminescence Movie 1.1 MB no sound	No Flash available	A GIF Animation not available	Streaming Audio not available.
Miscellaneous
Quantum Numbers QuickTime not available	Quantum Numbers Flash 300 KB	A GIF Animation not available	Streaming Audio not available.
Atomic Orbitals QuickTime not available	Atomic Orbitals Flash 44 KB	A GIF Animation not available	Streaming Audio not available.
Molecular Models QuickTime not available	Molecular Models Flash 4 KB	A GIF Animation not available	Streaming Audio not available.
Titration Movie 15 MB no sound	No Flash available	Titration Movie GIF 4.7 MB distorted colors	Streaming Audio not available.
What Does the Earth's Tilt Mean for Atmospheric Chemistry (QuickTime 7.30 or earlier) 212 KB	Earth Flash 212 KB no sound	Earth's Tilt GIF 1.2 MB	Streaming Audio Earth's Tilt
What Does the Earth's Tilt Mean for Atmospheric Chemistry 6.2 MB	Earth Flash 196 KB with sound	Earth's Tilt GIF 148 KB	Streaming Audio Earth's Tilt
Rutherford's Gold Foil Experiment 740 KB	No Flash available	Rutherford's Gold Foil Experiment 195 KB	Streaming Audio Gold Foil Exp
Ozone's Problem with Polar Stratospheric Clouds 89 KB no sound	No Flash available	Ozone's Problem with Polar Stratospheric Clouds 53 KB	Streaming Audio not available.
Copper Amine Complex Formation 6.0 MB no sound	Cu(NH₃)₄²⁺ Flash 8.6 MB with sound*	Copper GIF Movie 2.9 MB pleasingly distorted	Streaming Audio not available.
A QuickTime VR Laboratory Image 2.4 MB no sound	No Flash available	A GIF Animation not available	Streaming Audio not available.
Reduction and Methylation Mechanism of Oxyanions of Se 502 KB	I created this animation in 1996.	Mechanism's Animated GIF Movie 136 KB	Streaming Audio Fun

کلمات کلیدی: انیمیشن ،شیمی

لینک دائم

نظر شما ()

نویسنده: fazeli

انیمیشن های شیمی1

ساعت ۸:٥٩ ‎ق.ظ روز ۱۳۸٧/٩/٧


<>	Rutherford's Experiment	Chemistry	General Chemistry	Click to view animation
<>	Molecular View of Solution Formation	Chemistry	General Chemistry	Click to view animation
<>	Properties of Gases	Chemistry	General Chemistry	Click to view animation
<>	Line Spectra	Chemistry	General Chemistry	Click to view animation
<>	Decomposition Metal Hydrogen Carbonate	Chemistry	General Chemistry	Click to view animation
<>	Millikan Oil Drop experiment	Chemistry	General Chemistry	Click to view animation
<>	Electron density vs internuclear distance	Chemistry	Organic Chemistry	Click to view animation
<>	Visualisation of hybrid orbitals from C atomic orbitals	Chemistry	Organic Chemistry	Click to view animation
<>	Conformation energy profile for ethane	Chemistry	Organic Chemistry	Click to view animation
<>	Conformation energy profile for butane C2-C3 bond rotation	Chemistry	Organic Chemistry	Click to view animation
<>	Conformation energy profile for cyclohexane ring flip	Chemistry	Organic Chemistry	Click to view animation
<>	Simulation of photon absorption for IR spectroscopy	Chemistry	Organic Chemistry	Click to view animation
<>	Hookes Law simulation	Chemistry	Organic Chemistry	Click to view animation
<>	Mechanism of the Wittig Reaction	Chemistry	Organic Chemistry	Click to view animation
<>	Hybridization	Chemistry	Organic Chemistry	Click to view animation
<>	Stereoisomerism, Chirality and Optical activity.	Chemistry	Organic Chemistry	Click to view animation
<>	Interactive Periodic Table	Chemistry	Periodic Table	Click to view animation
<>	Resonance Structures	Chemistry	Tutorial	Click to view animation
<>	VSEPR	Chemistry	Tutorial	Click to view animation
<>	Acidity and Basicity	Chemistry	Tutorial	Click to view animation
<>	Nomenclature of Alkanes	Chemistry	Tutorial	Click to view animation

کلمات کلیدی: شیمی ،انیمیشن

لینک دائم

نظر شما ()

نویسنده: fazeli

لومینانس

ساعت ٧:٥٩ ‎ق.ظ روز ۱۳۸٧/۸/۱۳

PHOSPHORESCENCE, a name given to a variety of physical phenomena due to different causes, but all consisting in the emission of a pale, more or less ill-defined light, not obviously due to combustion. The word was first used by physicists to describe the property possessed by many substances of themselves becoming luminous after exposure to light. This property has been noticed from early times. Pliny speaks of various gems which shine with a light of their own, and Albertus Magnus knew that the diamond becomes phosphorescent when moderately heated. But the first discovery of this property which apparently attracted scientific attention seems to have been that of the Bologna stone (barium sulphide), which was discovered by Vincenzo Cascariolo, a cobbler of Bologna, in about 1602. This was followed by the discovery of a number of other substances which become luminous either after exposure to light or on heating, or by attrition, and to which the general name of " phosphori " (from 4s)r and 4 Epos, bringing light) was given. Among these may be mentioned Homberg's phosphorus (calcium chloride), John Canton's phosphorus (calcium sulphide) and Balduin's phosphorus (calcium nitrate). Of late years it has been found convenient to limit the strict meaning of the word " phosphorescence " to the case of bodies which, after exposure to light, become self-luminous (even if only for a fraction of a second). The general term "luminescence" has been proposed by E. Wiedemann to include all cases in which bodies give off light not due to ignition. This general term embraces several subdivisions. Thus, fluorescence and phosphorescence are included under the same heading, " photoluminescence," being distinguished from each other only by the fact that fluorescent bodies emit their characteristic light only while under the influence of the exciting illumination, while phosphorescent bodies are luminous for an appreciable time after the exciting light is cut off.

Phosphorescence, in its restricted meaning as above explained, is most strikingly exhibited by the artificial sulphides of calcium, strontium and barium. If any of these substances is exposed for some time to daylight, or, better, to direct sunlight, or to the light of the electric arc, it will shine for hours in the dark with a soft coloured light. The colour depends not only on the nature of the substance, but also on its physical condition, and on its temperature during insolation, that is, exposure to the sun's rays. Thus the phosphorescent light emitted by calcium sulphide may be orangeyellow, yellow, green or violet, according to the method of preparation and the materials used. Balmain's luminous paint, a preparation of calcium sulphide, shines with a white light. The colour also depends on the temperature during exposure to light. Thus A. E. Becquerel found that the light given by a specimen of strontium sulphide changed from violet to blue, green, yellow and orange, as the temperature during the corresponding previous insolation was 20°, 40 0, 70°, 100° or 200° C. The duration of phosphorescence varies greatly with different substances. It may last for days or for only a fraction of a second.

As in the case of fluorescent bodies, the light produced by phosphorescent substances consists commonly of rays less refrangible than those of the exciting light. Thus the ultra-violet portion of the spectrum is usually the most efficient in exciting rays belonging to the visible part of the spectrum. V. Klatt and Ph. Lenard (Wied. Ann., 1889, xxxviii. 90), have shown that the phosphorescence of calcium sulphide and other phosphori depends on the presence of minute quantities of other substances, such as copper, bismuth and manganese. The maximum intensity of phosphorescent light is obtained when a certain definite proportion of the impurity is present, and the intensity is diminished if this proportion is increased.

It appears likely that when a phosphorescent body is exposed to light, the energy of the light is stored up in some kind of strain energy, and that the phosphorescent light is given out during a more or less slow recovery from this state of strain. Klatt and Lenard have shown that the sulphides of the alkaline earths lose the property of phosphorescing when subjected to heavy pressure. Many fluorescent solutions become briefly phosphorescent when rendered solid by gelatin.

When the duration of phosphorescence is brief, some mechanical device becomes necessary to detect it. The earliest and bestknown instrument for this purpose is Becquerel's phosphoroscope. It consists essentially of a shallow drum, in whose ends two eccentric holes, exactly opposite one another, are cut. Inside it are fixed two equal metal disks, attached perpendicularly to an axis, and divided into the same number of sectors, the alternate sectors of each being cut out. One of these disks is close to one end of the drum, the other to the opposite end, and the sectors are so arranged that, when the disks are made to rotate, the hole in one end is open while that in the other is closed, and vice versa. If the eye be placed near one hole, and a ray of sunlight be admitted by the other, it is obvious that while the sun shines on an object inside the drum the aperture next the eye is closed, and vice versa. If the disks be made to revolve with great velocity by means of a train of toothed wheels the object will be presented to the eye almost instantly after it has been exposed to sunlight, and these presentations succeed one another so rapidly as to produce a sense of continuous vision. By means of this apparatus we can test with considerable accuracy the duration of the phenomenon after the light has been cut off. For this purpose we require to know merely the number of sectors in the disks and the rate at which they are turned.

Fireflies have a bioluminescent organ in their abdomen that they use to attract mates. Chemicals within the organ react with oxygen to produce light. The insect controls the flashes by regulating the flow of oxygen. (Reproduced by permission of The Stock Market.)

The term luminescence is used to describe a process by which light is produced other than by heating. The production of light from heat, or incandescence, is familiar to everyone. The Sun gives off both heat and light as a result of nuclear reactions in its core. An incandescent lightbulb gives off light when a wire filament inside the bulb is heated to white heat. One can read by the light of a candle flame because burning wax gives off both heat and light.

But light can also be produced by other processes in which heat is not involved. For example, fireflies produce light by means of chemical reactions that take place within their bodies. They convert a compound known as luciferin from one form into another. As that process occurs, light is given off.

Fireflies have a bioluminescent organ in their abdomen that they use to attract mates. Chemicals within the organ react with oxygen to produce light. The insect controls the flashes by regulating the flow of oxygen. (Reproduced by permission of The Stock Market.)

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Fluorescence and phosphorescence

Two forms of luminescence can be identified, depending on the amount of time emitted light continues to glow. By definition, fluorescence refers to the release of light that lasts no more than about 10 nanoseconds (10 billionths of a second) after it begins. Phosphorescence refers to the release of light that lasts longer than 10 nanoseconds.

Substances that glow in the dark have many practical applications today. Clocks and watches, for example, often have their numbers and hands coated with phosphorescent paints so we can see what time it is in the dark. Emergency doors and stairways are also highlighted with these paints so that people can find their way out in case of a power failure.

Probably the most familiar form of fluorescence is a fluorescent lightbulb. Fluorescent light is produced when an electrical current passes through mercury vapor in the lightbulb. Electrons produced from the mercury vapor collide with a chemical painted on the inside of the bulb, causing fluorescence. The moment the bulb is turned off, however, the chemical stops glowing. The light produced by this process, therefore, is an example of fluorescence

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سوالات نهمین دوره مسابقات آزمایشگاهی شیمی مرحله کشوری

ساعت ٥:۱٦ ‎ب.ظ روز ۱۳۸٧/٥/٢۸

سوالات نهمین دوره مسابقات آزمایشگاهی شیمی

سوالات هشتمین دوره مسابقات آزمایشگاهی شیمی

کلمات کلیدی: شیمی ،مسابقات آزمایشگاهی ،سوالات نهمین دوره ،مرحله کشوری

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آدرس سایت های مفید وشیمی

ساعت ۱:٤۸ ‎ق.ظ روز ۱۳۸٧/٤/٢٩

سوالات شیمی تجربی 87	مدلهای اتمی	جابجایی یگانه
اداره کل امور اداری	مدل اتمی استاندارد	جابجایی دوگانه
سوالات شیمی ریاضی 87 ص1	تست اسید باز	جابجایی دوگانه 2
ویژگی آمینواسیدها	محاسبه انتالپی وانرژی آزاد	سوختن
پدیده زیمان	رنگ شعله	قوانین گازها1
باطریهای نوع دوم	انرژی آزاد2	قوانین گازها 2
سلولهای سوختی	انرژی آزاد3	پیوند یونی –قطبی ........
فسفرسانس	انرژی آزاد 3	جاذبه بین مولکولی
لومینانس	انرژی آزاد4	ژورنال
الکترولیز	انرژی آزاد5	شیمی پیش دانشگاهی
باطری نوع اول	تجزیه	نرم افزار شیمی
همه چیز درباره الکتروشیمی	ترکیب 1	رزونانسVSEPR
مقایسه واکنش پذیری فلزها	ترکیب2	انواع پیوند 1
شناساگرها	ترکیب3	انواع پیوند 2
سلول ولتایی1	ترکیب4	بارموثر هسته
سلول ولتایی 2	کالریمتری	انواع واکنشها
سلول ولتایی 3	تعادل شیمیایی	متنوع
اسید باز1	اسید باز2	اسید باز 3
واکنش های الکتروشیمیایی	ایران شیمی	تست شعله
آمینها 1	آمینها 2	ساختار مولکول
موازنه 1	بارم بندی کتابهای درسی	کامپیوتر
موازنه 2	بافر	زمین شناسی
کالریمتری	ثابت های اسید باز	سایتهای شیمی استانها
انیمیشن	دبیرخانه شیمی اردبیل	WATER DIMER
دفتر برنامه ریزی شیمی	زیست شناسی	پیوند هیدروژنی
فضای آزاد	طپش قلب	آب

کلمات کلیدی: مدل های اتمی ،الکتروشیمی ،بارم بندی ،کامپیوتر

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کازئین شیر

ساعت ٤:۱٦ ‎ق.ظ روز ۱۳۸٧/٤/٩

کازئین شیر حدود75تا85 درصد پروتئین شیر را کازئین تشکیل می دهد .معمولا کازئین به صورت خالص درشیر موجود نیست بلکه ابتدا به صورت کازئینات کلسیم است وسپس با جذب فسفات کلسیم فسفوکازئینات کلسیم تشکیل می شود که شبیه دانه های تمشک است در پروتئین کازئین حدود 20 اسید آمینه شرکت دارند .اندازه کازئین حدود 20-10 میلی میکرون است وحرارت های پایین اصولا تاثیری روی کازئین ندارد حرارت از 130 درجه سلسیوس بالاتر روی کازئین اثر می گذارد وممکن است تغییراتی در بافت پروتئینی کازئین به وجود آورد کازئین به 4قسمت تقسیم می شود( آلفا1،آلفا2)،بتا،کاپاوگاماکه به نسبت های متفاوتی در کازئین شیر وجود دارندکاپا کازئین را فاکتورپایدارکننده(STABILIZING FACTOR)گویند ،زیرا موجب می شود میسل ها در شیر به صورت معلق درآیند ورسوب نکنند ،اگر کاپا کازئین راجداکنند حالت پایدار از بین می رود وپروتئین کازئین در کنار یون کلسیم رسوب می کندماده ای به نام رنین(chymosin )می تواند کاپا کازئین را از شیر بیرون بکشد ،اگر یون کلسیم در شیر نباشد حتی اگر کاپا کازئین بیرون کشیده شود رسوب نمی کند. 10-7درصد رنین داخل شیر می ریزند وتا دمای 50-42 درجه سلسیوس حرارت میدهند شیر رسوب میکند (لخته رنینی تشکیل می شود)آیا فقط رنین موجب رسوب کازئین می شود؟خیر،توسط اسیدهم رسوب می کند PHشیر 6/6-4/6 استلخته ای که توسط اسید به وجود می آید اسید –کازئین ولخته ای که توسط رنین به وجود می آید رنین -کازئین است لخته رنین-کازئین بهتر است چون کلسم وفسفر بالا تری نسبت به لخته اسید-کازئین دارد بهترین اسید برای ایجاد لخته ،لاکتیک اسید است (آب ماست را گرفته روی شیر میریزیم لخته می شود)درمورد رنین برای ایجاد لخته حتما یون کلسیم را نیاز داریم ولی در مورد اسید یون کلسیم را نیاز نداریم (از آبلیمو ،سرکه و.......نیز می توان استفاده کرد )کازئینات کلسیم را در کارخانجات شیرینی سازی همراه روغن نباتی به شیرینی می افزایند ترکیبات کازئین در چسب موجب افزایش چسبند گی می شودافزودن کازئین به حشره کشها موجب افزایش چسبندگی آن می شود که طول عمر حشره کش را بالا میبرد کازئین را در برخی موارد به ماست می افزایند کازئین در تهیه پلاستیکهای شفاف هم به کار میرود در نساجی با ترکیبی از 30درصد کازئین و70 در صد از ماده ای به نام اکریلونیتریل پارچه های ابریشمی می سازند پس از جداشدن کازئین آنچه می ماند آب پنیر است (whey protein)این مایع که پس از رسوب دادن کازئین وصاف کردن آن به دست می آید حاوی گلوبولین ها ،لاکتوفرینها ،سرولوآلبومین ،ایمیونوگلوبینها ،پروتئوپپتوفرکشن ولاکتو فرین می باشد لاکتوفرین از پروتئینهای آهن دار است پروتئینهای بالا برخلاف کازئین به حرارت حساسند واگر دمااز60درجه سلسیوس بالاتر رود رسوب می کنند ولی در مقابل اسیدو رنین مقاومند .